Environmental Issues About Electric Lift Truck Batteries
The electric forklift is usually considered more stable and safe compared to diesel and gas powered IC engines. Both diesel and gas engines pose a fire risk and emit harmful exhaust toxins. The electric forklift is not without is hazards though. They have rechargeable batteries as their source of power, and batteries can present risks to personal safety as well as to the natural world. There are risks associated with the manufacture, use, storage and disposal of rechargeable batteries for forklifts.
Manufacturing
The lift truck battery consists of lead plates being placed in a sulfuric acid solution, that are called lead-acid rechargeable batteries. Lead is a toxin that, when used in manufacturing processes, poses hazards to the quality of water due to runoff and drainage. When lead enters a water system it can lead to different kinds of health issues to people and can even be fatal. The sulfuric acid utilized in forklift batteries is really harmful to skin and could cause severe burns. Sulfuric acid also produces toxic fumes which could cause damage to the environment and to human beings.
Normal Storage and Use
Lead-acid batteries could produce hydrogen gas as a chemical byproduct when recharging. When recharging batteries for a forklift or any other types of vehicle, smoking, sparks, flames and heat should be kept well away from the recharging site. The combustible hydrogen can result in an explosion if ignited by heat or flame.
If it touches the bare skin, sulfuric acid in the batteries could result in chemical burns. This is not a problem during normal use of the battery, but if a battery is punctured or damaged, the acid can leak or spray, potentially burning anyone who is nearby.
Disposal
Incorrect disposal of lead-acid batteries must always be avoided. These batteries must be recycled correctly or reused in new batteries so that the sulfuric acid can either be neutralized or recycled. In order to prevent the serious environmental consequences of wrong disposal, all lead-acid batteries sold or purchased within the U.S. include a "core charge" that would just be returned if the used battery is turned in.